Monkeypox is a viral infection caused by the monkeypox virus, transmissible from animal to person or from person to animal. It was first discovered in 1958, in a monkey in a laboratory in Denmark (1). The first human case was reported in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (2) and the virus has spread since then to other Central and West African countries including Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, South Sudan, Central African Republic, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Ivory Coast which have reported few cases until 2019. (3)
In recent years Monkeypox cases were reported in the UK and Israel (4,5 ). But the most recent and ongoing outbreak that started in May 2022, is mainly reported in North and South America, Europe, South Asia, and Australia. As of June 27th, 2022, 4357 cases have been reported in 43 countries. Countries with the most cases include the UK (910 cases), Germany (965 cases), Spain (736 cases), France (330 cases), Portugal (310 cases), Netherlands (257 cases), US (243 cases), and Canada (235 cases). (6)
The symptoms of monkeypox include fever, headache, muscle aches and backache, Swollen lymph nodes, chills, exhaustion, and a skin rash that goes through different stages before healing completely. The illness typically lasts 2-4 weeks according to CDC. (7)
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has recently approved the JYNNEOS vaccine for the prevention of monkeypox in the US. (8)
References
von Magnus P, Andersen EA, Petersen KB, Birch-Andersen A. A pox-like disease in cynomolgus monkeys. Acta Path Microbiol Scand. 1959; 46:159.
Breman JG, Kalisa R, Steniowski MV, Zanotto E, Gromyko AI, Arita I. Human monkeypox, 1970–79. Bull World Health Organ. 1980; 58(2):165–182. PMID: 6249508
World Health Organization. Monkeypox 2019 [updated December 9, 2019]. Available from: https:// www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/monkeypox
Vaughan A, Aarons E, Astbury J, Brooks T, Chand M, Flegg P, et al. Human-to-human transmission of monkeypox virus, United Kingdom, October 2018. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020; 26(4):782–785. https://doi. org/10.3201/eid2604.191164 PMID: 32023204
Erez N, Achdout H, Milrot E, Schwartz Y, Wiener-Well Y, Paran N, et al. Diagnosis of imported monkeypox, Israel, 2018. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019; 25(5):980–983. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2505.190076 PMID: 30848724
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022 Monkeypox Outbreak Global Map. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/response/2022/world-map.html.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/symptoms.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/prevention.html
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